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Author: F. Belan
Added by: mirtitles
Added Date: 2022-07-20
Language: eng
Subjects: water treatment, water purification, demineralization of water, soft water, hard water, scale, soviet, ion exchage, quality of water, water testing
Publishers: Mir Publishers
Collections: mir-titles, additional collections
Pages Count: 300
PPI Count: 300
PDF Count: 1
Total Size: 113.66 MB
PDF Size: 6.6 MB
Extensions: epub, pdf, gz, html, zip, torrent
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Description
A book about various types of water treatment technologies.
First published 1981
Revised from the 1979 (3rd)
Russian edition Second printing 1988 ;
Translated from the Russian
by S. Semyonov
Contents
Introduction. 9
0.1. General 9
0.2. Basic Concepts and Definitions 10
0.3. Steam-Water Balance of a Heat and Electric Power Plant. 13
Chapter 1. Aqueous Solutions and Their Properties 16
1.1. Ways of Expressing the Concentration of Solutions 16
1.2. Solubility of Solids in Water 18
1.3. Solubility of Gases in Water 20
1.4. The pH Value 21
Chapter 2. Quality of Natural Waters 23
2.1. Substances Contaminating Natural Waters 23
2.2. Main Quality Characteristics of Water 24
2.3.Characteristics of Natural Waters 28
Chapter 3. Formation of Depositions in Boiler Units and Heat Exchangers. Deposition Prevention Measures 30
3.1. Composition, Properties and Quantity of Depositions 30
3.2. Formation of Depositions in Boiler Units
3.3. Formation of Depositions in Once-Through Boiler Units 37
3.4. Methods of Preventing Deposition Formation in Natural-Circulation Boiler Units 39
3.5.Preventing Deposition Formation in Once-Through Boiler Units 47
3.6. Preventing Deposition Formation in Turbine Condensers 49
3.7. Preventing Deposition Formation in Heat-Distribution Systems 52
3.8. Removal of Deposits. 53
Chapter 4. Steam Contamination and Methods of Contamination Control 57
4.1. Entrainment of Substances by Saturated Steam 57
4.2. Factors Affecting the Quality of Steam Generated in Natural-Circulation Boiler Units 60
4.3. Formation of Salt Deposits in Turbines and Superheaters.
4.4. Removal of Deposits. 67
4.4. Separation Devices 70 Blowdown of Natural-Circulation Boilers 72
4.5. Removal of Impurities from a Steam-Water Cycle (Cycle Cleanup) 76
4.6. Stage Evaporation 76
Chapter 5. Corrosion of Heat-Power Equipment. Control of Corrosion 84
5.1. The Essence and Forms of Corrosion of Metals 84
5.2. Main External Factors Promoting Corrosion 88
5.3. Corrosion of the Water-Condensate Circuit of Electric Power Stations and Industrial Boiler Houses 90
5.4. Corrosion of Boiler Units 93
5.5. Water Control Methods for Supercritical-Pressure Boiler-Turbine Units 101
Chapter 6. Deaeration and Deoxygenation of Water. 106
6.1. Thermal Deaeration of Water 106
6.2. Chemical Deoxygenation of Water 111
Chapter 7. Water Control of Thermal Power Plants 115
7.1. Steam-Water Conditions of Thermal Power Plant 115
7.2. General Requirements for Chemical Control 116
7.3. Water and Steam Sampling 117
7.4. Thermochemical Testing of Boiler Units 120
7.5. Quality Standards for Feedwater, Boiler Water, Steam and Condensate 121
Chapter 8. Removal of Coarse-Dispersed and Colloidal Impurities from Water 127
8.1. Clarification of Water 127
8.2. Design of Mechanical Filters with Granular Beds 128
8.3. Design of Tubular-Element Precoat-Type Filters 133
8.4. Attendance of Clarifying Filters 135
8.5. Coagulation of Water 137
8.6. Condensate Deferrization 149
8.7. Oil Removal from Condensate 153
Chapter 9. Water Treatment by Precipitation of Scale-Making Materials 156
9.1. Softening Processes and Consumption of Reagent 156
9.2. Clarifiers 160
9.3. Attendance of Clarifiers 162
9.4. Preparing and Dosing Milk of Lime 164
9.5. Layout of Lime-Treatment Units 169
9.6. Attendance of Lime-Treatment Units 170
Chapter 10. Water Treatment by Cation-Exchange Processes 172
10.1. Essence of the Cation-Exchange Process 172
10.2. Characteristics and Properties of Cation-ExchangeMaterials 176
10.3. Operation and Regeneration of Ion-Exchange Softeners 179
10.4. Preparation of Salt and Acid Solutions 187
10.5. Arrangement of Ion-Exchange Water Softeners 190
10.6. Types of Ion-Exchange Water Softeners 193
10.7. Attendance of Cation-Exchange Water Softeners 200
Chapter 11. Cation-Exchange Water Softening Plants 203
11.1. Sodium Cation-Exchange Water Softening Plants 203
11.2. Two-Stage Cold-Lime and Sodium Cation-Exchange Water Softening Plants 205
11.3. Hydrogen Cation-Exchange and Sodium Cation-Exchange Water Softening Plant 206
11.4. Hydrogen Cation-Exchange Water Softening Plants Operated with Deficient Regeneration 209
Chapter 12. Demineralization of Water 212
12.1. Water Demineralization by the Ion-Exchange Demineralization Process 212
12.2. Water Demineralizing Plants 216
12.3. Equipment of Demineralizing Plants 219
12.4. Demineralizing Plants for Boiler-Turbine Units 222
12.5. Attendance of Ion-Exchange Demineralizing Plants 225
Bibliography 229
Index 230
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